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| Steffen, Will; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Australian National University, Australia; will.steffen@anu.edu.au; Noone, Kevin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University; kevin.noone@stockholmresilience.su.se; Chapin, F. Stuart III; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks; fschapiniii@alaska.edu; Lambin, Eric; Department of Geography, University of Louvain; lambin@geog.ucl.ac.be; Lenton, Timothy M; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; t.lenton@uea.ac.uk; Scheffer, Marten; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University; Marten.Scheffer@wur.nl; Folke, Carl; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Environmental Change Institute and Tyndall Centre, Oxford University ; schellnhuber@pik-potsdam.de; de Wit, Cynthia A; Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University; cynthia.de.wit@itm.su.se; Hughes, Terry; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; terry.hughes@jcu.edu.au; van der Leeuw, Sander; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; vanderle@asu.edu; Rodhe, Henning; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University; rodhe@misu.su.se; Snyder, Peter K; Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota; pksnyder@umn.edu; Costanza, Robert; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont; rcostanz@uvm.edu; Svedin, Uno; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; uno.svedin@formas.se; Falkenmark, Malin; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Stockholm International Water Institute; malin.falkenmark@siwi.org; Karlberg, Louise; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Stockholm Environment Institute; louise.karlberg@stockholmresilience.su.se; Corell, Robert W; The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment ; Corell@heinzctr.org; Fabry, Victoria J; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos; fabry@csusm.edu; Hansen, James; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; James.E.Hansen@nasa.gov; Walker, Brian; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Liverman, Diana; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment; Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona ; diana.liverman@eci.ox.ac.uk; Richardson, Katherine; Earth System Science Centre, University of Copenhagen; kari@science.ku.dk; Crutzen, Paul; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; air@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; Foley, Jonathan; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota; jfoley@umn.edu. |
| Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. We propose a new approach to global sustainability in which we define planetary boundaries within which we expect that humanity can operate safely. Transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental- to planetary-scale systems. We have identified nine planetary boundaries and, drawing upon current scientific understanding, we propose quantifications for seven of them. These seven are climate change (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere <350 ppm and/or a maximum change... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric aerosol loading; Biogeochemical nitrogen cycle; Biological diversity; Chemical pollution; Climate change; Earth; Global freshwater use; Land system change; Ocean acidification; Phosphorus cycle; Planetary boundaries; Stratospheric ozone; Sustainability. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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